Tris

Tris
Identifiers
CAS number 77-86-1 Y
PubChem 6503
ChemSpider 6257 Y
UNII 023C2WHX2V Y
KEGG D00396 Y
ChEBI CHEBI:9754 N
ChEMBL CHEMBL1200391 N
RTECS number TY2900000
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C4H11NO3
Molar mass 121.14 g mol−1
Appearance White crystalline powder
Melting point

>175-176°C (448-449 K)

Boiling point

219°C (492 K)

Solubility in water ~50 g/100 ml (25°C) in water
Acidity (pKa) 8.30
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
R-phrases R36, R37, R38.
S-phrases S26, S36.
Main hazards Irritant
NFPA 704
0
2
0
Flash point Non-flammable
 N (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Tris (also known as THAM) is an abbreviation of the organic compound known as tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2. Tris is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology.[1] In biochemistry, tris is widely used as a component of buffer solutions, such as in TAE and TBE buffer, especially for solutions of nucleic acids. It is a primary amine and thus undergoes the reactions associated with typical amines, e.g. condensations with aldehydes.

Contents

Buffering features

Tris has a pKa of 8.06 at 25°C , which implies that the buffer has an effective pH range between 7.1 and 9.0.

Buffer details

Buffer inhibition

Preparation

Tris is prepared in two steps from nitromethane via the intermediate (HOCH2)3CNO2. Reduction of the latter gives tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.[6]

Uses

The useful buffer range for tris (7-9) coincides with the typical physiological pH of most living organisms. This, and its low cost, make tris one of the most common buffers used in the biology/biochemistry lab. Tris is also used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis.

Medical

Tris (usually known as THAM in this context) is used as alternative to sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ Gomori, G., Preparation of Buffers for Use in Enzyme Studies. Methods Enzymology., 1, 138-146 (1955).
  2. ^ El-Harakany, A.A.; Abdel Halima, F.M. and Barakat, A.O. (1984). "Dissociation constants and related thermodynamic quantities of the protonated acid form of tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane in mixtures of 2-methoxyethanol and water at different temperatures". J. Electroanal. Chem. 162 (1–2): 285–305. doi:10.1016/S0022-0728(84)80171-0. 
  3. ^ Vega, C.A.; Butler, R.A. et al. (1985). "Thermodynamics of the Dissociation of Protonated Tris(hydroxymethy1)aminomethane in 25 and 50 wt % 2-Propanol from 5 to 45 °C". J. Chem. Eng. Data 30 (4): 376–379. doi:10.1021/je00042a003. 
  4. ^ Desmarais, WT; et al. (2002). "The 1.20 Å resolution crystal structure of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica complexed with Tris: A tale of buffer inhibition". Structure 10 (8): 1063–1072. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00810-9. PMID 12176384. 
  5. ^ Ghalanbor, Z; et al. (2008). "Binding of Tris to Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase can affect its starch hydrolysis activity". Protein Peptide Lett. 15 (2): 212–214. doi:10.2174/092986608783489616. PMID 18289113. 
  6. ^ Markofsky, Sheldon B. (2000). Nitro Compounds, Aliphatic. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_401. 
  7. ^ Kallet, RH; Jasmer RM, Luce JM et al. (2000). "The treatment of acidosis in acute lung injury with tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM)". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 161 (4): 1149–1153. PMID 10764304.